Compare Kenya (2006) - San Marino (2006)

Compare Kenya (2006) z San Marino (2006)

	Kenya (2006)	San Marino (2006)

Administrative divisions	7 provinces and 1 area; Central, Coast, Eastern, Nairobi Area, North Eastern, Nyanza, Rift Valley, Western	9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle
Age structure	0-14 years: 42.6% (male 7,454,765/female 7,322,130) 15-64 years: 55.1% (male 9,631,488/female 9,508,068) 65 years and over: 2.3% (male 359,354/female 432,012) (2006 est.)	0-14 years: 16.8% (male 2,534/female 2,372) 15-64 years: 66.2% (male 9,316/female 10,055) 65 years and over: 17% (male 2,149/female 2,825) (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products	tea, coffee, corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruit, vegetables; dairy products, beef, pork, poultry, eggs	wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides
Airports	225 (2006)	-
Airports - with paved runways	total: 15 over 3,047 m: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 1 (2006)	-
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 210 1,524 to 2,437 m: 11 914 to 1,523 m: 115 under 914 m: 84 (2006)	-
Area	total: 582,650 sq km land: 569,250 sq km water: 13,400 sq km	total: 61.2 sq km land: 61.2 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly more than twice the size of Nevada	about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Founding president and liberation struggle icon Jomo KENYATTA led Kenya from independence in 1963 until his death in 1978, when President Daniel Toroitich arap MOI took power in a constitutional succession. The country was a de facto one-party state from 1969 until 1982 when the ruling Kenya African National Union (KANU) made itself the sole legal party in Kenya. MOI acceded to internal and external pressure for political liberalization in late 1991. The ethnically fractured opposition failed to dislodge KANU from power in elections in 1992 and 1997, which were marred by violence and fraud, but were viewed as having generally reflected the will of the Kenyan people. President MOI stepped down in December 2002 following fair and peaceful elections. Mwai KIBAKI, running as the candidate of the multiethnic, united opposition group, the National Rainbow Coalition, defeated KANU candidate Uhuru KENYATTA and assumed the presidency following a campaign centered on an anticorruption platform.	The third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco) also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marino in 301 A.D. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of Italy. Social and political trends in the republic also track closely with those of its larger neighbor.
Birth rate	39.72 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)	10.02 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget	revenues: $3.715 billion expenditures: $3.88 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (2005 est.)	revenues: $400 million expenditures: $400 million; including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Capital	name: Nairobi geographic coordinates: 1 17 S, 36 49 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)	name: San Marino geographic coordinates: 43 56 N, 12 25 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Climate	varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior	Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers
Coastline	536 km	0 km (landlocked)
Constitution	12 December 1963; amended as a republic 1964; reissued with amendments 1979, 1982, 1986, 1988, 1991, 1992, 1997, 2001	8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Kenya conventional short form: Kenya local long form: Republic of Kenya/Jamhuri y Kenya local short form: Kenya former: British East Africa	conventional long form: Republic of San Marino conventional short form: San Marino local long form: Repubblica di San Marino local short form: San Marino
Death rate	14.02 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)	8.17 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Debt - external	$7.391 billion (2005 est.)	$NA
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador William M. BELLAMY embassy: US Embassy, United Nations Ave., Gigiri; P. O. Box 606 Village Market Nairobi mailing address: Box 21A, Unit 64100, APO AE 09831 telephone: [254] (20) 537-800 FAX: [254] (20) 537-810	the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the US Consul General in Florence (Italy) is accredited to San Marino
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Leonard NGAITHE chancery: 2249 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 387-6101 FAX: [1] (202) 462-3829 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles	San Marino does not have an embassy in the US honorary consulate(s) general: New York, Washington, DC honorary consulate(s): Detroit, Honolulu
Disputes - international	Kenya served as an important mediator in brokering Sudan's north-south separation in February 2005; Kenya provides shelter to approximately a quarter of a million refugees including Ugandans who flee across the border periodically to seek protection from Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) rebels; the Kenya-Somalia border is open to pastoralists and is susceptible to cross-border clan insurgencies; Kenya's administrative limits extend beyond the treaty border into the Sudan, creating the Ilemi Triangle	none
Economic aid - recipient	$453 million (1997)	$NA
Economy - overview	The regional hub for trade and finance in East Africa, Kenya has been hampered by corruption and by reliance upon several primary goods whose prices have remained low. In 1997, the IMF suspended Kenya's Enhanced Structural Adjustment Program due to the government's failure to maintain reforms and curb corruption. A severe drought from 1999 to 2000 compounded Kenya's problems, causing water and energy rationing and reducing agricultural output. As a result, GDP contracted by 0.2% in 2000. The IMF, which had resumed loans in 2000 to help Kenya through the drought, again halted lending in 2001 when the government failed to institute several anticorruption measures. Despite the return of strong rains in 2001, weak commodity prices, endemic corruption, and low investment limited Kenya's economic growth to 1.2%. Growth lagged at 1.1% in 2002 because of erratic rains, low investor confidence, meager donor support, and political infighting up to the elections. In the key December 2002 elections, Daniel Arap MOI's 24-year-old reign ended, and a new opposition government took on the formidable economic problems facing the nation. In 2003, progress was made in rooting out corruption and encouraging donor support. GDP grew more than 5% in 2005.	The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 2000 more than 3 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy, which supplies much of its food.
Electricity - consumption	4.238 billion kWh (2003)	-
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2003)	-
Electricity - imports	200 million kWh (2003)	-
Electricity - production	4.342 billion kWh (2003)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Kenya 5,199 m	lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m highest point: Monte Titano 755 m
Environment - current issues	water pollution from urban and industrial wastes; degradation of water quality from increased use of pesticides and fertilizers; water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; poaching	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution
Ethnic groups	Kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Meru 6%, other African 15%, non-African (Asian, European, and Arab) 1%	Sammarinese, Italian
Exchange rates	Kenyan shillings per US dollar - 75.554 (2005), 79.174 (2004), 75.936 (2003), 78.749 (2002), 78.563 (2001)	euros per US dollar - 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Mwai KIBAKI (since 30 December 2002); Vice President Moody AWORI (since 25 September 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Mwai KIBAKI (since 30 December 2002); Vice President Moody AWORI (since 25 September 2003); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); in addition to receiving the largest number of votes in absolute terms, the presidential candidate must also win 25% or more of the vote in at least five of Kenya's seven provinces and one area to avoid a runoff; election last held 27 December 2002 (next to be held December 2007); vice president appointed by the president election results: President Mwai KIBAKI elected; percent of vote - Mwai KIBAKI 63%, Uhuru KENYATTA 30%	chief of state: Cochiefs of State Captain Regent Antonio CARATTONI and Captain Regent Roberto GIORGETTI (for the period 1 October 2006-31 March 2007) head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Fiorenzo STOLFI (since 27 July 2006) cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term elections: cochiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held in September 2006 (next to be held March 2007); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held 13 December 2003 (next to be held NA) election results: Antonio CARATTONI and Roberto GIORGETTI elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA; Fabio BERARDI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (cochiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 10 other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 10 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some of the prerogatives of a prime minister
Exports	NA bbl/day	trade data are included with the statistics for Italy
Exports - commodities	tea, horticultural products, coffee, petroleum products, fish, cement	building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics
Exports - partners	Uganda 13.9%, UK 10.5%, US 9.5%, Netherlands 8.2%, Egypt 5.1%, Tanzania 4.7%, Pakistan 4.5% (2005)	-
Fiscal year	1 July - 30 June	calendar year
Flag description	three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green; the red band is edged in white; a large warrior's shield covering crossed spears is superimposed at the center	two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 16.3% industry: 18.8% services: 65.1% (2004 est.)	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - real growth rate	5.8% (2005 est.)	2.3% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates	1 00 N, 38 00 E	43 46 N, 12 25 E
Geography - note	the Kenyan Highlands comprise one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa; glaciers are found on Mount Kenya, Africa's second highest peak; unique physiography supports abundant and varied wildlife of scientific and economic value	landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 2% highest 10%: 37.2% (2000)	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	widespread harvesting of small plots of marijuana; transit country for South Asian heroin destined for Europe and North America; Indian methaqualone also transits on way to South Africa; significant potential for money-laundering activity given the country's status as a regional financial center; massive corruption, and relatively high levels of narcotics-associated activities	-
Imports	NA bbl/day	trade data are included with the statistics for Italy
Imports - commodities	machinery and transportation equipment, petroleum products, motor vehicles, iron and steel, resins and plastics	wide variety of consumer manufactures, food
Imports - partners	UAE 13.6%, Saudi Arabia 9.9%, US 9.8%, India 8.3%, South Africa 7.9%, China 7.1%, UK 5.4% (2005)	-
Independence	12 December 1963 (from UK)	3 September A.D. 301
Industrial production growth rate	4.6% (2005 est.)	6% (1997 est.)
Industries	small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, soap, cigarettes, flour), agricultural products, oil refining; aluminum, steel, lead; cement, commercial ship repair, tourism	tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine
Infant mortality rate	total: 59.26 deaths/1,000 live births male: 61.92 deaths/1,000 live births female: 56.54 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)	total: 5.63 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.06 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	10.3% (2005 est.)	-1.7% (2001)
International organization participation	ACP, AfDB, AU, C, COMESA, EADB, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, ONUB, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO	CE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WToO
Irrigated land	1,030 sq km (2003)	NA
Judicial branch	Court of Appeal (chief justice is appointed by the president); High Court	Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII
Labor force	11.85 million (2005 est.)	19,970 (2003)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: 75% industry and services: 25% (2003 est.)	agriculture: 1% industry: 42% services: 57% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries	total: 3,477 km border countries: Ethiopia 861 km, Somalia 682 km, Sudan 232 km, Tanzania 769 km, Uganda 933 km	total: 39 km border countries: Italy 39 km
Land use	arable land: 8.01% permanent crops: 0.97% other: 91.02% (2005)	arable land: 16.67% permanent crops: 0% other: 83.33% (2005)
Languages	English (official), Kiswahili (official), numerous indigenous languages	Italian
Legal system	based on Kenyan statutory law, Kenyan and English common law, tribal law, and Islamic law; judicial review in High Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations; constitutional amendment of 1982 making Kenya a de jure one-party state repealed in 1991	based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	unicameral National Assembly or Bunge (224 seats; 210 members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms, 12 so-called "nominated" members who are appointed by the president but selected by the parties in proportion to their parliamentary vote totals, 2 ex-officio members) elections: last held 27 December 2002 (next to be held by early 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NARC 125, KANU 64, FORD-P 14, other 7; ex-officio 2; seats appointed by the president - NARC 7, KANU 4, FORD-P 1	unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 4 June 2006 (next to be held by June 2011) election results: percent of vote by party - PDCS 32.9%, Party of Socialists and Democrats 31.9%, APDS 11.9%, United Left 8.7%, New Socialist Party 5.4%; seats by party - PDCS 21, Party of Socialists and Democrats 20, APDS 7, United Left 5, New Socialist Party 3, other 4
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 48.93 years male: 49.78 years female: 48.07 years (2006 est.)	total population: 81.71 years male: 78.23 years female: 85.5 years (2006 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 85.1% male: 90.6% female: 79.7% (2003 est.)	definition: age 10 and over can read and write total population: 96% male: 97% female: 95% (1976 est.)
Location	Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Somalia and Tanzania	Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy
Map references	Africa	Europe
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation	none (landlocked)
Merchant marine	total: 3 ships (1000 GRT or over) 6,049 GRT/7,082 DWT by type: passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 1 registered in other countries: 6 (Bahamas 1, Comoros 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2, Tuvalu 1, unknown 1) (2006)	-
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of Italy
Military branches	Kenyan Army, Kenyan Navy, Kenyan Air Force (2006)	no regular military forces; Voluntary Military Force (Corpi Militari Voluntar) performs ceremonial duties and limited police functions (2006)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$280.5 million (2005 est.)	$700,000 (FY00/01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	1.6% (2005 est.)	NA
National holiday	Independence Day, 12 December (1963)	Founding of the Republic, 3 September (A.D. 301)
Nationality	noun: Kenyan(s) adjective: Kenyan	noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural) adjective: Sammarinese
Natural hazards	recurring drought; flooding during rainy seasons	NA
Natural resources	limestone, soda ash, salt, gemstones, fluorspar, zinc, diatomite, gypsum, wildlife, hydropower	building stone
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: according to the UNHCR, by the end of 2005 Kenya was host to 233,778 refugees from neighboring countries, including Somalia 153,627, Sudan 67,556, Ethiopia 12,595 (2006 est.)	10.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Pipelines	refined products 894 km (2006)	-
Political parties and leaders	Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-People or FORD-People [Kimaniwa NYOIKE, chairman]; Kenya African National Union or KANU [Uhuru KENYATTA]; National Rainbow Coalition or NARC [Mwai KIBAKI] (the governing party)	Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Ideas in Movement or IM [Alessandro ROSSI]; National Alliance or AN; New Socialist Party; Party of Socialists and Democrats [Claudio FELICI]; San Marino Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Giovanni LONFERNINI]; San Marino Popular Alliance of Democrats or APDS [Roberto GIORGETTI]; San Marino Socialist Party or PSS [Alberto CECCHETTI]; Socialists for Reform or SR [Renzo GIARDI]; United Left
Political pressure groups and leaders	human rights groups; labor unions; Muslim organizations; National Convention Executive Council or NCEC, a proreform coalition of political parties and nongovernment organizations [Kivutha KIBWANA]; Protestant National Council of Churches of Kenya or NCCK [Mutava MUSYIMI]; Roman Catholic and other Christian churches; Supreme Council of Kenya Muslims or SUPKEM [Shaykh Abdul Gafur al-BUSAIDY]	NA
Population	34,707,817 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)	29,251 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line	50% (2000 est.)	NA%
Population growth rate	2.57% (2006 est.)	1.26% (2006 est.)
Radio broadcast stations	AM 24, FM 18, shortwave 6 (2001)	AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Railways	total: 2,778 km narrow gauge: 2,778 km 1.000-m gauge (2005)	-
Religions	Protestant 45%, Roman Catholic 33%, indigenous beliefs 10%, Muslim 10%, other 2% note: a large majority of Kenyans are Christian, but estimates for the percentage of the population that adheres to Islam or indigenous beliefs vary widely	Roman Catholic
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2006 est.)	at birth: 1.09 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: unreliable; little attempt to modernize except for service to business domestic: trunks are primarily microwave radio relay; business data commonly transferred by a very small aperture terminal (VSAT) system international: country code - 254; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat	general assessment: adequate connections domestic: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system international: country code - 378; connected to Italian international network
Telephones - main lines in use	281,800 (2005)	20,600 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	4.612 million (2005)	16,800 (2002)
Television broadcast stations	8 (2002)	1 (San Marino residents also receive broadcasts from Italy) (1997)
Terrain	low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley; fertile plateau in west	rugged mountains
Total fertility rate	4.91 children born/woman (2006 est.)	1.34 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate	40% (2001 est.)	2.6% (2001)
Waterways	part of Lake Victoria system is within boundaries of Kenya (2003)	-

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